{ "schemaVersion": 1, "id": "expressvpn-vs-tunnelbear", "products": [ "expressvpn", "tunnelbear" ], "conclusion": "ExpressVPN and TunnelBear are closely matched for core workflows. Both support independent audit, windows app, macos app, ios app, and android app. TunnelBear has confirmed free plan and number of servers of 8000. Monthly price is £2.19 for ExpressVPN and $3.33 for TunnelBear and Server countries is 113 for ExpressVPN and 47 for TunnelBear.", "decisionPoints": [ { "path": "pricing.freeTier", "importance": 9, "kind": "evidence-gap", "text": "TunnelBear has confirmed free plan; free plan is not yet confirmed for ExpressVPN." }, { "path": "pricing.startingPrice", "importance": 9, "kind": "value-difference", "text": "Monthly price is £2.19 for ExpressVPN and $3.33 for TunnelBear." }, { "path": "vertical.serverCountries", "importance": 7, "kind": "value-difference", "text": "Server countries is 113 for ExpressVPN and 47 for TunnelBear." }, { "path": "vertical.numberOfServers", "importance": 7, "kind": "evidence-gap", "text": "TunnelBear has confirmed number of servers of 8000; number of servers is not yet confirmed for ExpressVPN." } ], "sharedStrengths": [ { "path": "vertical.independentAudit", "label": "Independent audit", "importance": 8 }, { "path": "vertical.windowsApp", "label": "Windows app", "importance": 7 }, { "path": "vertical.macosApp", "label": "macOS app", "importance": 7 }, { "path": "vertical.iosApp", "label": "iOS app", "importance": 7 }, { "path": "vertical.androidApp", "label": "Android app", "importance": 7 } ], "coverage": { "a": 71, "b": 58, "gap": 13 }, "facts": [ { "path": "vertical.serverCountries", "label": "Server countries", "group": "Capacity", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": 113, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Servers in 113 Countries", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": 47, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d", "excerpt": "Browse the internet from 47 countries", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.numberOfServers", "label": "Number of servers", "group": "Capacity", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": 8000, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "More than 8000 of the fastest VPN servers, physically located in the country you select.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.simultaneousDevices", "label": "Simultaneous devices", "group": "Capacity", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": 14, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Use on up to 14 devices", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.windowsApp", "label": "Windows app", "group": "Platforms", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Windows", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad", "excerpt": "iOS Android Mac Windows Browser Blocker", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.macosApp", "label": "macOS app", "group": "Platforms", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Mac", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad", "excerpt": "iOS Android Mac Windows Browser Blocker", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.linuxApp", "label": "Linux app", "group": "Platforms", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Linux", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.iosApp", "label": "iOS app", "group": "Platforms", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "iPhone / iPad", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad", "excerpt": "iOS Android Mac Windows Browser Blocker", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.androidApp", "label": "Android app", "group": "Platforms", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Android", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad", "excerpt": "TunnelBear for Android", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.routerSupport", "label": "Router support", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Router", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.browserExtensions", "label": "Browser extensions", "group": "Platforms", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Chrome Firefox Edge", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-302a88771be56219" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-302a88771be56219", "excerpt": "TunnelBear for Chrome, Firefox and Edge", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.wireguard", "label": "WireGuard", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-cfba61f7cccbceba" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-cfba61f7cccbceba", "excerpt": "Server availability varies according to the connection protocol chosen (Lightway, WireGuard, OpenVPN, or IKEv2).", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "Support for protocols like WireGuard, and robust anti-censorship technologies sourced by researchers worldwide.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.openvpn", "label": "OpenVPN", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-1548e1c9039a6da0" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-1548e1c9039a6da0", "excerpt": "Windows (OpenVPN manual setup)", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "Protocol selection Control how you connect to TunnelBear’s secure and fast VPN network with WireGuard, OpenVPN, and IKEv2 protocols.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.killSwitch", "label": "Kill switch", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-5821128d720f5f55" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "excerpt": "Internet Kill Switch", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "VigilantBear If your connection gets disrupted for any reason, TunnelBear will block all unsecured traffic until it’s safely reconnected.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.splitTunnelling", "label": "Split tunnelling", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-5821128d720f5f55" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "excerpt": "Split tunneling lets you route some apps through ExpressVPN while allowing others to use your regular internet connection.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "SplitBear Control which apps and websites are tunnelled through TunnelBear's secure and encrypted connection.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.multiHop", "label": "Multi-hop", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.dedicatedIp", "label": "Dedicated IP", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-5821128d720f5f55" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "excerpt": "Dedicated IP addresses provide consistency", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.obfuscatedServers", "label": "Obfuscated servers", "group": "Capacity", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-5821128d720f5f55" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "excerpt": "Automatic obfuscation on every server", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.streamingSupport", "label": "Streaming support", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "Stream and download securely, privately, and with no ISP throttling", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.netflixSupport", "label": "Netflix support", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.bbcIplayerSupport", "label": "BBC iPlayer support", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.torrentingSupport", "label": "Torrenting support", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "excerpt": "While file-sharing P2P file sharing usually means that strangers can see your IP address and possibly track your downloads. A VPN keeps your IP address private, letting you download with increased anonymity.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "P2P support Peer-to-Peer (P2P) friendly servers that allow you to share files securely and privately.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.noLogsPolicy", "label": "No-logs policy", "group": "Security and compliance", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-5821128d720f5f55" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "excerpt": "Your browsing activity and connection logs are never stored", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "excerpt": "No logging TunnelBear does NOT log any activity of customers connected to our service. Period.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.independentAudit", "label": "Independent audit", "group": "Security and compliance", "importance": 8, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-1e1cdb2fcdf65a91" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-1e1cdb2fcdf65a91", "excerpt": "Independently verified by firms like KPMG and PwC", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d", "excerpt": "TunnelBear is the only VPN in the world to publish regular, independent security audits of our apps.", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.ramOnlyServers", "label": "RAM-only servers", "group": "Capacity", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-5821128d720f5f55" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "excerpt": "TrustedServer technology operates on volatile memory (RAM)", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "vertical.jurisdiction", "label": "Jurisdiction", "group": "Features", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "pricing.freeTier", "label": "Free plan", "group": "Pricing", "importance": 9, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-c14aec1088ba0dc0" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-c14aec1088ba0dc0", "excerpt": "Free Testing and limited usage 2GB of secure browsing Try for free", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.moneyBackGuarantee", "label": "Money-back guarantee", "group": "Pricing", "importance": 7, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": 30, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-8d6d1c2ae6c11658" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-8d6d1c2ae6c11658", "excerpt": "30-day money-back guarantee for new users", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": 30, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-73677968d7696738" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-73677968d7696738", "excerpt": "TunnelBear's first year 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee for annual subscriptions", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "pricing.startingPrice", "label": "Monthly price", "group": "Pricing", "importance": 9, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": 2.19, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-8d6d1c2ae6c11658" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-8d6d1c2ae6c11658", "excerpt": "£ 2.19 / mo", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" }, "tunnelbear": { "value": 3.33, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-c14aec1088ba0dc0" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-c14aec1088ba0dc0", "excerpt": "from $3.33 /mo", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "vertical.annualPrice", "label": "Annual price", "group": "Pricing", "importance": 9, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } }, { "path": "commercial.affiliateProgramme", "label": "Affiliate programme", "group": "Commercial", "importance": 3, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": true, "status": "verified", "sourceIds": [ "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d" ], "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d", "excerpt": "Affiliate", "supports": "positive" } ], "verifiedAt": "2026-09-05" } }, { "path": "commercial.commissionDescription", "label": "Affiliate commission", "group": "Commercial", "importance": 3, "includeInCoverage": true, "expressvpn": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null }, "tunnelbear": { "value": null, "status": "unknown", "sourceIds": [], "evidence": [], "verifiedAt": null } } ], "sources": { "expressvpn": [ { "id": "ingest-8d6d1c2ae6c11658", "url": "https://www.expressvpn.com/pricing", "title": "Buy VPN With PayPal, Credit Card | ExpressVPN", "publisher": "ExpressVPN", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-cfba61f7cccbceba", "url": "https://www.expressvpn.com/support/knowledge-hub/frequently-asked-questions/", "title": "Frequently Asked Questions | ExpressVPN", "publisher": "ExpressVPN", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-f400e1253189ae4d", "url": "https://www.expressvpn.com/", "title": "ExpressVPN: Best VPN Service for Speed & Privacy in 2026", "publisher": "ExpressVPN", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-5821128d720f5f55", "url": "https://www.expressvpn.com/features", "title": "ExpressVPN Features: Privacy, Performance & Support", "publisher": "ExpressVPN", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-1e1cdb2fcdf65a91", "url": "https://www.expressvpn.com/features/ad-blocker", "title": "ExpressVPN Ad Blocker | Stop Ads & Trackers Across Devices", "publisher": "ExpressVPN", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-1548e1c9039a6da0", "url": "https://www.expressvpn.com/support/vpn-setup/", "title": "VPN Setup Guides | ExpressVPN", "publisher": "ExpressVPN", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" } ], "tunnelbear": [ { "id": "ingest-c14aec1088ba0dc0", "url": "https://www.tunnelbear.com/pricing/", "title": "Buy TunnelBear VPN with Credit Card", "publisher": "TunnelBear", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-8c435275cc5fce5d", "url": "https://www.tunnelbear.com/", "title": "TunnelBear: Secure VPN Service", "publisher": "TunnelBear", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-679ebbdea7e68dad", "url": "https://www.tunnelbear.com/apps/android/", "title": "TunnelBear for Android", "publisher": "TunnelBear", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-302a88771be56219", "url": "https://www.tunnelbear.com/apps/browser/", "title": "TunnelBear for Chrome & Firefox", "publisher": "TunnelBear", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-96a9d4b7ec7e59dc", "url": "https://www.tunnelbear.com/features/", "title": "Powerful Features for All Your Privacy Needs", "publisher": "TunnelBear", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" }, { "id": "ingest-73677968d7696738", "url": "https://www.tunnelbear.com/terms-of-service/", "title": "Terms of Service That You Can Actually Understand", "publisher": "TunnelBear", "kind": "vendor", "accessedAt": "2026-09-05" } ] } }